• r2-238-10
    Lions and eagle from Nannas Monument, Butler photo (Howard Crosby Butler Archive, Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University)
  • r2-238-20
    Bird of prey (eagle?) holding a hare, from the Nannas monument, Istanbul Archaeological Museum 4032. (©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College)
  • r2-238-30
    Bird of prey (eagle?) holding a hare, from the Nannas monument, Istanbul Archaeological Museum 4032, three-quarter view. (©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College)
  • r2-238-40
    Bird of prey (eagle?) holding a hare, from the Nannas monument, Istanbul Archaeological Museum 4032, back. (©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College)

Bird of Prey (Eagle?) Holding a Hare, from the Nannas monument

Date
Late archaic?, Lydian?
Museum
Istanbul, Archaeological Museum, 4032
Museum Inventory No.
4032
Sardis or Museum Inv. No.
IAM 4032
Material
Marble, Stone
Object Type
Sculpture
Sculpture Type
Animal
Site
Sardis
Sector
AT
Trench
AT
Locus
AT Nannas Monument
Findspot
Monument of Nannas (Cat. 274 Figs. 465-466) with lions Cat. 235 and Cat. 236 (Figs. 405-409) "set up without order upon a square pedestal of two steps . . . the eagle had fallen on one side" (Sardis I, 125f.).
Description

A sitting bird of prey is holding with slightly bent talons a long-eared creature -- hare or rabbit. The wings are folded on the back; they have three tiers of long feathers, while the front part is stylized in small vertical ovals. The chest feathers are rendered as a large scale pattern. The thick feet and talons come out of a bare tarsus. Part of the plain lower body is seen under the wings. The hare has its neck arched, forelegs bent down, and traces of staring eyes.

One may ask whether this is a hawk, sacred to Artemis in Ephesus and Cybele in Lydia, or an eagle. According to D. Howard, Director of Environmental Affairs, Massachusetts Audubon Society, the size and massiveness of the legs and the big feet indicate that the bird is an eagle. She adds that the sea eagle, which has a bare tarsus, still migrates through Western Anatolia to the western Mediterranean, but that the absence of the head and beak makes definite identification impossible (verbal communication).

Since the two lions and the bird need not have been part of one monument, and may, in fact, have been brought together during Roman times, rather than by Nannas in the 4th C. B.C., we cannot automatically assume an archaic date for the bird. Butler recalled Hittite eagles and curiously misread the hare as a "hooded snake." There may be a background of local Anatolian belief but eagle and hare are not uncommon in Greek and Roman art.

Condition

Marble, worn and weathered gray.

Head of bird and I. foot missing, also parts around base, chipped on back and along wings.

Dimensions
H. 0.60; W. 0.40; D. (breast to back) 0.25.
Comments
For inscription of Nannas, and reconstruction of the monument by the Romans, cf. Cat. 274 and Sardis R1, 62, 64, 68.
See Also
Bibliography
Published: Sardis I, 125-127, figs. 136-138; Shear, Lion, figs. 3, 4, 7; von Gall, Felsgraber, fig. 4. For Artemis, Cybele, and hawk (mermnos) see R. D. Barnett, Ancient Oriental Influences.
Author
NHR